PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN TEACHING CHEMICAL BONDING IN MODERN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
Keywords:
electron, electromagnetic wave packet, EMWP, toroid, spherical, hemispherical, sectoral-spherical, transformation, atomic orbital, molecular orbital, covalent bond, valence bond, hydrogen molecular ion (H₂⁺), stationary state, electron radius, energy level, interference, electromagnetic symmetry, electron pair, electron density, internuclear distance, chemical bonding theory, quantum chemistry, experimental data, EMWP model, electron configuration, modern chemistry education.Abstract
This article analyzes the electromagnetic nature of chemical bonding and the behavior of electrons in atomic and molecular orbitals based on modern theoretical approaches. Specifically, it explains from a scientific standpoint how electrons can exist in spherical, hemispherical, and sectoral-spherical configurations according to the Electromagnetic Wave Packet (EMWP) model, and how these shapes transform during the formation of chemical bonds. Certain complex phenomena that cannot be fully explained by traditional valence bond and molecular orbital theories—such as the one-electron hydrogen molecular ion (H₂⁺) or the shortening of internuclear distances in hydrogen molecules—are logically clarified within the framework of this new theory.
The article also elaborates, based on experimental data, how the spatial distribution of electrons, their energy levels, and the electromagnetic equilibrium between them influence molecular stability. The EMWP model treats electrons not as material particles or probability clouds, but as continuous electromagnetic wave packets. This perspective provides a deeper understanding of electron stationarity, uniform energy states, and spatial bonding characteristics.
In conclusion, the article highlights the advantages of the EMWP theory, the novel chemical phenomena it can explain, and its potential applications in chemistry education, modern computational modeling, and scientific research. This study contributes to presenting the concept of chemical bonding from a new perspective and provides a theoretical basis for future academic and practical explorations.
